Incarceration vs. Treatment: What Missouri (and America) Spend—and What Actually Works
When someone breaks the law because of untreated addiction or mental health issues, we face a moral and practical choice: lock them up, or help them heal. For Missouri—and for most states—the dollars tell a clear story. Treatment is not only more humane; it’s far more cost-effective and better for public safety.
What Missouri pays to incarcerate
Missouri Department of Corrections (DOC) costs
State fiscal analyses show two relevant figures:
Marginal cost (the added cost of one more person in prison): $26.55/day (~$9,689/year).
Full cost (including fixed costs like staff, medical & mental health): $99.90/day (~$36,464/year).
County jail holding costs
While people await transfer to state prison, counties carry expenses. In 2024, Missouri reimbursed counties $22.58/day (recently nudged to $24.96/day), but sheriffs report actual costs are ~$45/day in rural areas and up to ~$120/day in Jackson County. Inside state prisons, reporters note it works out to around $90/day.
> Bottom line in Missouri: depending on what you count, incarceration commonly runs about $36,000 per person per year at full cost—and counties often lose money housing people on the state’s behalf.
What treatment costs (and saves)
Community-based substance use treatment (Missouri)
Missouri’s own Department of Mental Health has repeatedly compared costs and found treatment is a fraction of prison:
FY2012: Prison stay averaged $19,041 vs. $1,771 for community-based treatment.
FY2018: Prison $21,903 vs. treatment $2,371 per person.
Treatment courts (Missouri)
Drug/treatment courts pair accountability with services. A statewide fiscal note pegged the per-participant cost at ~$1,739 (FY2018), with other Missouri analyses showing long-term savings as reduced re-offense rates compound.
Residential treatment pricing (private market)
Private-pay residential programs can be costly (one survey estimates ~$56,782 for 13 weeks in Missouri), but this reflects market/luxury pricing and isn’t what public systems typically pay. Publicly funded outpatient and medication-assisted care are far lower and the most scalable for justice-involved populations.
> Missouri’s own data show community treatment often runs between $1,700 and $2,400 per person—saving tens of thousands compared to prison per person, per year.
The national picture looks the same
Across the U.S., states spent $64–66 billion on corrections in recent years. A typical state spends ~$65,000 per incarcerated person per year, with wide variation. (Some states are lower; a few are dramatically higher.)
Why this matters for public safety and families
Treatment reduces re-offense. Missouri’s DMH has documented lower re-incarceration rates for people who complete community-based treatment compared to those who needed care and didn’t receive it.
Evidence-based care saves lives and money. From treatment courts to medication-assisted treatment (MAT), studies consistently show better outcomes and lower costs than incarceration alone.
A faithful, practical response
Sinner’s Fellowship Ministries believes people are not disposable. Many neighbors cycle through jail because their illnesses go untreated. Directing eligible non-violent offenders into treatment, peer support, housing, employment help, and faith-based community—instead of prison—can:
Save Missouri taxpayers tens of thousands of dollars per person each year,
Reduce crime and relapse, and
Reunite families with healthier mothers, fathers, sons, and daughters.
What we’re asking leaders to consider
1. Expand treatment-first pathways (diversion, treatment courts, and reentry services) for non-violent, addiction- and mental-health-driven offenses.
2. Fund community treatment at scale through MO HealthNet and DMH so counties and courts can reliably refer people to care.
3. Use Missouri’s own cost numbers to guide policy: replacing even a portion of prison admissions with treatment can free resources for law enforcement, victims’ services, and prevention.
Sources (selected)
Missouri Senate Fiscal Note (Mar. 8, 2024): DOC $26.55/day (marginal); $99.90/day (full); ~$36,464/year at full cost.
The Beacon reporting on county jail reimbursements and real costs (July 2, 2024).
Missouri DMH comparisons of incarceration vs. treatment costs (FY2012 & FY2018).
Missouri Treatment Courts cost and ROI snapshots.
USAFacts overview of state spending per prisoner nationwide.